危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)（含醫療廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)）具(ju)有腐(fu)蝕性(xing)、毒性(xing)、易燃(ran)性(xing)、反(fan)應性(xing)和感染性(xing)等危(wei)險(xian)(xian)特性(xing)，隨(sui)意(yi)傾倒或利(li)用處(chu)置(zhi)不當會嚴重危(wei)害(hai)(hai)人(ren)體健康(kang)，甚(shen)至對生態環(huan)境(jing)造(zao)成難以恢復的(de)損害(hai)(hai)。加強危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)，是改善水、大氣和土壤環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)，防(fang)范環(huan)境(jing)風險(xian)(xian)，維護(hu)人(ren)體健康(kang)的(de)重要(yao)保(bao)障(zhang)，是深(shen)化環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)必(bi)然要(yao)求。 《“十(shi)(shi)二五”危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)規(gui)劃(hua)》依據(ju)有關(guan)法律(lv)法規(gui)和《國民經濟(ji)和社會發展第十(shi)(shi)二個五年規(gui)劃(hua)綱要(yao)》、《國務(wu)院關(guan)于(yu)加強環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)重點工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)意(yi)見》、《國家(jia)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)“十(shi)(shi)二五”規(gui)劃(hua)》中關(guan)于(yu)加強危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)相關(guan)要(yao)求編制(zhi)，闡明了未來五年我國危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)目標和任務(wu)，是指(zhi)導各地(di)開展危(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)重要(yao)依據(ju)。

形勢依然嚴峻

我國(guo)危險(xian)(xian)廢物污染(ran)防治(zhi)工作(zuo)起步晚、基礎薄弱、歷史欠賬多。總體而言，“十(shi)二(er)五(wu)”期間，危險(xian)(xian)廢物污染(ran)防治(zhi)的(de)壓力依(yi)然(ran)(ran)巨大，隱患依(yi)然(ran)(ran)突出，主要表現在：

1．底數(shu)不清。我國危險廢(fei)物種類繁(fan)多、產(chan)生量大、涉及行業范圍廣。第一次全國污染(ran)源普查初(chu)步掌握了危險廢(fei)物產(chan)生數(shu)量和企業分布，但危險廢(fei)物流(liu)向、自建(jian)利用(yong)處置(zhi)設施情況(kuang)(kuang)以及歷史遺(yi)留危險廢(fei)物的(de)種類、數(shu)量、分布、環境污染(ran)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)(kuang)等具(ju)體(ti)情況(kuang)(kuang)尚不清楚。

2．無害(hai)化利(li)用(yong)(yong)處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保障能(neng)力不(bu)(bu)強。專家預測“十二五”期(qi)間(jian)危險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)(sheng)量仍將持續(xu)增長，2015 年將超過6000 萬噸。但是，目前全國(guo)持證單位(wei)(wei)利(li)用(yong)(yong)處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)力僅為(wei)第一次全國(guo)污(wu)(wu)染源普查危險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)(sheng)量的50％左右，且(qie)設(she)施(shi)(shi)負荷(he)率(lv)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)40%。大型危險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)(sheng)單位(wei)(wei)和(he)工業園(yuan)區(qu)普遍沒有配套的危險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)貯(zhu)存(cun)、利(li)用(yong)(yong)和(he)處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)施(shi)(shi)。危險(xian)(xian) 廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)焚燒(shao)、填埋等處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)力明顯不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，且(qie)新建(jian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)選(xuan)址日益困難(nan)。《設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)規劃》內部分集中處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)進展緩(huan)慢。突發疫情期(qi)間(jian)醫療廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)應急處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)力儲備不(bu)(bu)足(zu)。危險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)施(shi)(shi)運營和(he)技(ji)術水(shui)平不(bu)(bu)高，存(cun)在超標排放現象，涉重金屬危險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)染問題尤為(wei)突出。

3．監管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)技術(shu)支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)薄弱。各(ge)級環(huan)保(bao)部門(men)，特別是(shi)基層環(huan)保(bao)部門(men)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)人員嚴重(zhong)(zhong)缺乏，素(su)質不高。多數地(di)區未將危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)納入日常(chang)監測監控和(he)環(huan)境(jing)執法監管(guan)(guan)(guan)，大部分建設(she)項目(mu)未將危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)的產(chan)生貯存、轉移和(he)自行利(li)用處置等作(zuo)為重(zhong)(zhong)點進行環(huan)境(jing)影響評價且(qie)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護竣(jun)工驗收不深入，存在重(zhong)(zhong)廢水、廢氣，輕危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)的問(wen)題。危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢 物(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理技術(shu)支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，特別是(shi)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)鑒(jian)別能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)極為薄弱。

4．環(huan)境(jing)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)和污染(ran)日(ri)益(yi)突(tu)出。近年來，危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物非(fei)法(fa)轉移和傾倒頻發，成為突(tu)發環(huan)境(jing)事件的重(zhong)(zhong)要誘因。非(fei)法(fa)利用處置(zhi)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物活動猖獗，產生單位自(zi)行簡易利用處置(zhi)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物現象普遍。歷史遺留危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物長期大量堆存，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響土壤和水環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量。據估算，僅鉻渣造成的土地污染(ran)面積就高達(da)500 萬(wan)平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米，污染(ran)土方(fang)(fang)(fang)量約1500萬(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)。醫療(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物非(fei)法(fa)流(liu)失現象時有發生。實驗室(shi)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物和廢(fei)(fei)(fei)熒光(guang)燈管(guan)等非(fei)工(gong)業(ye)源危(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物產生源分散，回收(shou)處理體系不健全(quan)，污染(ran)問題(ti)逐步(bu)突(tu)顯。